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Biology · All Words

IGCSE Biology core vocabulary list, 404 essential words covering spelling, fill-in-the-blank and card-matching practice modes.

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nutrition
nutrition
/njuːˈtrɪʃn/ nutrition 生物获取和利用食物的过程
respiration
respiration
/ˌrespəˈreɪʃn/ respiration 细胞分解有机物释放能量的过程
reproduction
reproduction
/ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃn/ reproduction 生物产生后代的过程
movement
movement
/ˈmuːvmənt/ movement 生物体位置改变的过程
Excretion
Excretion
/ɪkˈskriːʃn/ excretion 生物排出代谢废物的过程
Sensitivity
Sensitivity
/ˌsensəˈtɪvəti/ sensitivity 生物对外界刺激的反应
Growth
Growth
/ɡrəʊθ/ growth 生物体体积增大的过程
metabolism
metabolism
/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/ metabolism 生物体内所有化学反应的总称
multicellular
multicellular
multicellular
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
/ˈsaɪtəʊplæzəm/ cytoplasm 细胞膜内细胞核外的胶状物质
chloroplast
chloroplast
/ˈklɒrəplæst/ chloroplast 植物进行光合作用的结构
epidermis
epidermis
epidermis
organelle
organelle
organelle
centriole
centriole
centriole
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum
/ˌendəʊˈplæzmɪk rɪˈtɪkjʊləm/ endoplasmic reticulum 细胞中运输物质的网状结构
palisade cell
palisade cell
palisade cell
muscle cell
muscle cell
muscle cell
root hair
root hair
root hair
xylem
xylem
/ˈzaɪləm/ xylem 植物运输水分和无机盐的组织
tissue
tissue
/ˈtɪʃuː/ tissue 由相似细胞组成的结构层次
system
system
/ˈsɪstəm/ system 由多个器官组成的结构层次
osmosis
osmosis
/ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ osmosis 水分子通过半透膜的扩散
enzyme
enzyme
/ˈenzaɪm/ enzyme 生物体内起催化作用的蛋白质
optimum temperature
optimum temperature
optimum temperature
biological catalysts
biological catalysts
biological catalysts
Nucleus
Nucleus
/ˈnjuːkliəs/ nucleus 细胞中储存遗传信息的结构
vacuole
vacuole
/ˈvækjuəl/ vacuole 细胞中储存液体的结构
photosynthesis
photosynthesis
/ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/ photosynthesis 植物利用光能合成有机物的过程
mitochondria
mitochondria
/ˌmaɪtəʊˈkɒndriə/ mitochondria 细胞中产生能量的结构
golgi body
golgi body
/ˈɡɒldʒi ˈbɒdi/ Golgi body 细胞中加工蛋白质的结构
cell division
cell division
cell division
live
live
live
ciliated cell
ciliated cell
ciliated cell
magnification
magnification
magnification
phlome
phlome
phlome
organ
organ
/ˈɔːɡən/ organ 由多种组织组成的结构层次
diffusion
diffusion
/dɪˈfjuːʒn/ diffusion 物质从高浓度向低浓度移动
active transport
active transport
/ˈæktɪv ˈtrænspɔːt/ active transport 物质逆浓度梯度的跨膜运输
amylase
amylase
/ˈæmɪleɪz/ amylase 分解淀粉的酶
active site
active site
active site
concentration gradient
concentration gradient
concentration gradient
Membrane
Membrane
/ˈmembreɪn/ membrane 细胞外层的保护性结构
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
fructose
fructose
fructose
sucrose
sucrose
sucrose
starch
starch
/stɑːtʃ/ starch 植物储存能量的多糖
fat
fat
/fæt/ fat 生物储存能量的有机物
fatty acid
fatty acid
fatty acid
amino acid
amino acid
/əˈmiːnəʊ ˈæsɪd/ amino acid 蛋白质的基本组成单位
vitamins
vitamins
vitamins
iron
iron
iron
dietary fiber
dietary fiber
dietary fiber
yoghurt
yoghurt
yoghurt
anemia
anemia
anemia
scurvy
scurvy
scurvy
obesity
obesity
obesity
chlorophyll
chlorophyll
/ˈklɒrəfɪl/ chlorophyll 光合作用中吸收光能的色素
oxygen
oxygen
oxygen
upper epidermis
upper epidermis
upper epidermis
spongy mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
stoma
stoma
stoma
nitrate ions
nitrate ions
nitrate ions
light intensity
light intensity
light intensity
glucose
glucose
/ˈɡluːkəʊs/ glucose 生物体最重要的能源物质
maltose
maltose
maltose
cellulose
cellulose
/ˈseljuləʊz/ cellulose 植物细胞壁的主要成分
glycogen
glycogen
/ˈɡlaɪkədʒən/ glycogen 动物储存能量的多糖
glycerol
glycerol
glycerol
protein
protein
/ˈprəʊtiːn/ protein 由氨基酸组成的重要有机物
iodine
iodine
iodine
mineral salts
mineral salts
mineral salts
calcium
calcium
calcium
microorganism
microorganism
microorganism
rickets
rickets
rickets
malnutrition
malnutrition
malnutrition
constipation
constipation
constipation
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
cuticle
cuticle
cuticle
palisade mesophyll
palisade mesophyll
palisade mesophyll
vascular bundles
vascular bundles
vascular bundles
guard cell
guard cell
guard cell
magnesium
magnesium
magnesium
coronary artery
coronary artery
coronary artery
ingestion
ingestion
ingestion
faeces
faeces
faeces
mechanical digestion
mechanical digestion
mechanical digestion
absorbtion
absorbtion
absorbtion
alimentary canal
alimentary canal
/ˌælɪˈmentri kəˈnæl/ alimentary canal 食物通过的管道
salivary glands
salivary glands
salivary glands
stomach
stomach
/ˈstʌmək/ stomach 消化食物的器官
duodenum
duodenum
duodenum
egestion
egestion
egestion
digestion
digestion
/daɪˈdʒestʃən/ digestion 食物在消化道中被分解的过程
chemical digestion
chemical digestion
chemical digestion
assimilation
assimilation
assimilation
mouth
mouth
mouth
oesophagus
oesophagus
oesophagus
small intestine
small intestine
/smɔːl ɪnˈtestɪn/ small intestine 主要消化吸收的场所
ileum
ileum
ileum
pancreas
pancreas
/ˈpæŋkriəs/ pancreas 分泌胰液的器官
gall bladder
gall bladder
gall bladder
colon
colon
colon
anus
anus
anus
lipase
lipase
/ˈlaɪpeɪz/ lipase 分解脂肪的酶
liver
liver
/ˈlɪvər/ liver 人体最大的消化腺
large intestine
large intestine
/lɑːdʒ ɪnˈtestɪn/ large intestine 吸收水分的场所
rectum
rectum
rectum
bile
bile
/baɪl/ bile 肝脏分泌的消化液
protease
protease
/ˈprəʊtieɪz/ protease 分解蛋白质的酶
maltase
maltase
maltase
incisor
incisor
incisor
biting off
biting off
biting off
molar
molar
molar
grinding
grinding
grinding
root
root
root
pulp cavity
pulp cavity
pulp cavity
cement
cement
cement
dental decay
dental decay
dental decay
villi
villi
villi
lacteal
lacteal
lacteal
canine
canine
canine
premolar
premolar
premolar
tearing
tearing
tearing
crown
crown
crown
enamel
enamel
enamel
dentine
dentine
dentine
gum
gum
gum
emulsify
emulsify
emulsify
capillaries
capillaries
capillaries
hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal vein
cortex
cortex
cortex
wilting
wilting
wilting
xerophytes
xerophytes
xerophytes
needle
needle
needle
translocation
translocation
/ˌtrænzləʊˈkeɪʃn/ translocation 植物体内物质运输的过程
root cortex
root cortex
root cortex
phloem
phloem
/ˈfləʊəm/ phloem 植物运输有机物的组织
transpiration
transpiration
/ˌtrænspəˈreɪʃn/ transpiration 植物水分散失的过程
humidity
humidity
humidity
evaporation
evaporation
evaporation
pesticides
pesticides
pesticides
Artery
Artery
/ˈɑːtəri/ artery 输送血液离开心脏的血管
Vein
Vein
/veɪn/ vein 输送血液回心脏的血管
Atrium
Atrium
Atrium
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Semilunar valve
Semilunar valve
Semilunar valve
Heartbeat
Heartbeat
Heartbeat
Stroke
Stroke
Stroke
Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Red blood cell
Red blood cell
/red blʌd sel/ red blood cell 运输氧气的血细胞
Heamoglobin
Heamoglobin
Heamoglobin
Platelet
Platelet
/ˈpleɪtlət/ platelet 参与凝血的血细胞
Urine
Urine
Urine
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Antibody
Antibody
/ˈæntibɒdi/ antibody 免疫系统产生的对抗病原体的蛋白质
Ventricle
Ventricle
Ventricle
Vena cava
Vena cava
Vena cava
Aorta
Aorta
Aorta
Bicuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Contraction
Contraction
Contraction
Saturated fat
Saturated fat
Saturated fat
Lumen
Lumen
Lumen
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Plasma
Plasma
/ˈplæzmə/ plasma 血液中的液体成分
Urea
Urea
Urea
Arterioles
Arterioles
Arterioles
Blood clotting
Blood clotting
Blood clotting
Hormones
Hormones
Hormones
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Muscle contraction
Muscle contraction
Muscle contraction
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis
Protein synthesis
Lactic acid
Lactic acid
Lactic acid
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Brewing
Brewing
Brewing
Larynx
Larynx
Larynx
Rib
Rib
Rib
Bronchus
Bronchus
Bronchus
Alveoli
Alveoli
Alveoli
Hydrogencarbonate
Hydrogencarbonate
Hydrogencarbonate
Expire
Expire
Expire
Cilia
Cilia
Cilia
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Trachea
Trachea
Trachea
Intercostal muscle
Intercostal muscle
Intercostal muscle
Bronchiole
Bronchiole
Bronchiole
Lime water
Lime water
Lime water
Inspire
Inspire
Inspire
Mucus
Mucus
Mucus
Pathogen
Pathogen
Pathogen
Tar
Tar
Tar
Nicotine
Nicotine
Nicotine
Fetus
Fetus
Fetus
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchitis
Bronchitis
Bronchitis
Thrombosis
Thrombosis
Thrombosis
Inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation
Emphysema
Emphysema
Emphysema
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
central nervous system
central nervous system
central nervous system
hypothalamus
hypothalamus
hypothalamus
peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sensory neuron
sensory neuron
sensory neuron
Dendron
Dendron
Dendron
Myelin sheath
Myelin sheath
Myelin sheath
reflex arc
reflex arc
reflex arc
receptor
receptor
receptor
synapse
synapse
synapse
eye
eye
eye
Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva
Vitreous humour
Vitreous humour
Vitreous humour
Pupil
Pupil
Pupil
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary muscle
Retina
Retina
Retina
Blind spot
Blind spot
Blind spot
Pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
Testes
Testes
Testes
Thyroxine
Thyroxine
Thyroxine
Glucagon
Glucagon
Glucagon
Testosterone
Testosterone
Testosterone
Oestrogen
Oestrogen
Oestrogen
Phototropism
Phototropism
Phototropism
Auxin
Auxin
Auxin
Negative feed back
Negative feed back
Negative feed back
brain
brain
brain
spinal cord
spinal cord
spinal cord
motor neuron
motor neuron
motor neuron
cell body
cell body
cell body
Axon
Axon
Axon
relay neuron
relay neuron
relay neuron
reflex action
reflex action
reflex action
effector
effector
effector
neutrotransmitter
neutrotransmitter
neutrotransmitter
aqueous humour
aqueous humour
aqueous humour
Cornea
Cornea
Cornea
Lens
Lens
Lens
Suspensory ligament
Suspensory ligament
Suspensory ligament
Fovea
Fovea
Fovea
Optic nerve
Optic nerve
Optic nerve
Hormone
Hormone
Hormone
Thyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Adrenal gland
Adrenal gland
Ovary
Ovary
Ovary
Insulin
Insulin
Insulin
Adrenaline
Adrenaline
Adrenaline
Progestrone
Progestrone
Progestrone
Tropism
Tropism
Tropism
Geotropism
Geotropism
Geotropism
Sweat gland
Sweat gland
Sweat gland
Shivering
Shivering
Shivering
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Blood vessel
Blood vessel
Blood vessel
Vasodilation
Vasodilation
Vasodilation
Thermoreceptor
Thermoreceptor
Thermoreceptor
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Zygote
Zygote
Zygote
Sperm duct
Sperm duct
Sperm duct
Prostate gland
Prostate gland
Prostate gland
Erectile tissue
Erectile tissue
Erectile tissue
Vagina
Vagina
Vagina
Oviduct
Oviduct
Oviduct
Egg
Egg
Egg
sperm
sperm
sperm
Follicle
Follicle
Follicle
Progesterone
Progesterone
Progesterone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Fertilization
Fertilization
Fertilization
Placenta
Placenta
Placenta
Amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid
Ante-natal care
Ante-natal care
Ante-natal care
Contraceptive pill
Contraceptive pill
Contraceptive pill
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Femidom
Femidom
Femidom
Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination
Petal
Petal
Petal
Sepal
Sepal
Sepal
Self-pollination
Self-pollination
Self-pollination
Wind
Wind
Wind
Insect
Insect
Insect
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Gamete
Gamete
Gamete
Penis
Penis
Penis
scrotum
scrotum
scrotum
Urethra
Urethra
Urethra
Epididymis
Epididymis
Epididymis
Uterus
Uterus
Uterus
Cervix
Cervix
Cervix
Female gamete
Female gamete
Female gamete
Male gamete
Male gamete
Male gamete
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
Corpus luteum
Corpus luteum
Corpus luteum
Implantation
Implantation
Implantation
Umbilical cord
Umbilical cord
Umbilical cord
Amniotic sac
Amniotic sac
Amniotic sac
Contraception
Contraception
Contraception
Spermicide
Spermicide
Spermicide
Condom
Condom
Condom
Intra-uterine device
Intra-uterine device
Intra-uterine device
In vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization
Petiole
Petiole
Petiole
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Stigma
Stigma
Stigma
Stamen
Stamen
Stamen
Filament
Filament
Filament
Pollen tube
Pollen tube
Pollen tube
Seed
Seed
Seed
Plumule
Plumule
Plumule
Micropyle
Micropyle
Micropyle
Flesh
Flesh
Flesh
Style
Style
Style
Ovule
Ovule
Ovule
Anther
Anther
Anther
Pollination
Pollination
Pollination
Testa
Testa
Testa
Radicle
Radicle
Radicle
Cotyledon
Cotyledon
Cotyledon
Seed dispersal
Seed dispersal
Seed dispersal
Cross-pollination
Cross-pollination
Cross-pollination
Chromosome
Chromosome
/ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/ chromosome 遗传信息的载体
Allele
Allele
/əˈliːl/ allele 同源染色体上对应位置的基因
Diploid nucleus
Diploid nucleus
Diploid nucleus
Phenotype
Phenotype
/ˈfiːnətaɪp/ phenotype 个体表现出的性状
Heterozygous
Heterozygous
Heterozygous
Recessive
Recessive
/rɪˈsesɪv/ recessive 被显性性状遮盖的性状
Sex chromosome
Sex chromosome
Sex chromosome
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Blood group
Blood group
Blood group
Continuous variation
Continuous variation
Continuous variation
Discontinuous variation
Discontinuous variation
Discontinuous variation
Mutation
Mutation
/mjuːˈteɪʃn/ mutation 遗传物质发生突然变化
Gene
Gene
/dʒiːn/ gene 控制生物性状的遗传单位
Haploid nucleus
Haploid nucleus
Haploid nucleus
Genotype
Genotype
/ˈdʒenətaɪp/ genotype 个体的基因组成
Homozygous
Homozygous
Homozygous
Dominant
Dominant
/ˈdɒmɪnənt/ dominant 能遮盖隐性性状的性状
Autosome
Autosome
Autosome
Mitosis
Mitosis
Mitosis
Codominance
Codominance
Codominance
Variation
Variation
Variation
Natural selection
Natural selection
/ˈnætʃrəl sɪˈlekʃn/ natural selection 适者生存的自然过程
Evolution
Evolution
/ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ evolution 生物物种随时间发生变化的过程
Artificial selection
Artificial selection
Artificial selection
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ ecosystem 生物群落与其环境组成的系统
Heterotrophy
Heterotrophy
Heterotrophy
Consumer
Consumer
/kənˈsjuːmər/ consumer 以其它生物为食的生物
Second consumer
Second consumer
Second consumer
Herbivore
Herbivore
Herbivore
Autotrophy
Autotrophy
Autotrophy
Producer
Producer
/prəˈdjuːsər/ producer 能自己制造有机物的生物
Primary consumer
Primary consumer
Primary consumer
Decomposer
Decomposer
/ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊzər/ decomposer 分解有机物的生物
Carnivore
Carnivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Omnivore
Omnivore
Food webs
Food webs
Food webs
Predator
Predator
/ˈpredətər/ predator 捕食其它动物的动物
Biomass
Biomass
Biomass
Combustion
Combustion
Combustion
Condensation
Condensation
Condensation
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen cycle
/ˈnaɪtrədʒən ˈsaɪkl/ nitrogen cycle 氮元素在自然界中的循环
Nitrifying bacterial
Nitrifying bacterial
Nitrifying bacterial
Population size
Population size
Population size
Log phase
Log phase
Log phase
Death phase
Death phase
Death phase
Deforestation
Deforestation
Deforestation
Sewage
Sewage
Sewage
Heavy metals
Heavy metals
Heavy metals
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Food chains
Food chains
Food chains
Trophic level
Trophic level
Trophic level
Prey
Prey
/preɪ/ prey 被其它动物捕食的动物
Carbon cycle
Carbon cycle
Carbon cycle
Water cycle
Water cycle
Water cycle
Precipitation
Precipitation
Precipitation
Nitrogen-fixing bacterial
Nitrogen-fixing bacterial
Nitrogen-fixing bacterial
Denitrifying bacterial
Denitrifying bacterial
Denitrifying bacterial
Tag phase
Tag phase
Tag phase
Stationary phase
Stationary phase
Stationary phase
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Herbicides
Herbicides
Herbicides
Eutrophication
Eutrophication
Eutrophication
Algae
Algae
Algae
Acid rain
Acid rain
Acid rain
DNA
DNA
/diː en eɪ/ DNA 携带遗传信息的分子
absorption
absorption
/əbˈzɔːpʃn/ absorption 营养物质进入血液的过程
blood
blood
/blʌd/ blood 在血管中流动的液体组织
capillary
capillary
/kəˈpɪləri/ capillary 连接动静脉的微小血管
cell
cell
/sel/ cell 生物体结构和功能的基本单位
cell wall
cell wall
/sel wɔːl/ cell wall 植物细胞外层的支持结构
community
community
/kəˈmjuːnəti/ community 各种生物种群的集合
food chain
food chain
/fuːd tʃeɪn/ food chain 生物之间吃与被吃的关系
food web
food web
/fuːd web/ food web 多条食物链交织形成的网络
habitat
habitat
/ˈhæbɪtæt/ habitat 生物生活的场所
haemoglobin
haemoglobin
/ˌhiːməˈɡləʊbɪn/ haemoglobin 红细胞中运输氧气的蛋白质
heart
heart
/hɑːt/ heart 泵送血液的器官
mineral
mineral
/ˈmɪnərəl/ mineral 生物体必需的无机元素
population
population
/ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ population 同种生物的总和
ribosome
ribosome
/ˈraɪbəsəʊm/ ribosome 细胞中合成蛋白质的结构
stomata
stomata
/ˈstəʊmətə/ stomata 植物叶片上的小孔
vitamin
vitamin
/ˈvɪtəmɪn/ vitamin 生物体必需的微量有机物
white blood cell
white blood cell
/waɪt blʌd sel/ white blood cell 参与免疫防御的血细胞
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