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商业 · 所有单词

IGCSE 商业 学科核心词汇表，共 184 个核心词汇，覆盖拼写、填空、翻牌配对三种趣味学习模式。

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chain of production
chain of production
生产链
primary sector
primary sector
第一产业（初级部门）
secondary sector
secondary sector
第二产业
tertiary sector
tertiary sector
第三产业
Conglomerate merger
Conglomerate merger
混合合并
diseconomies of scal e
diseconomies of scal e
规模不经济
Economies of scale
Economies of scale
规模经济
external growth
external growth
外部增长
Horizontal merger
Horizontal merger
横向合并
vertical merger
vertical merger
纵向合并
Internal growth
Internal growth
内部增长
lateral merger
lateral merger
侧向合并
Takeover
Takeover
收购
Centralized economy
Centralized economy
中央集权经济
economic system
economic system
经济体制
Market economy
Market economy
市场经济
mixed economy
mixed economy
混合经济
Oligopoly
Oligopoly
寡头垄断
perfect competition
perfect competition
完全竞争
Assisted areas
Assisted areas
受援助地区
Authority
Authority
权威；权力机构
mission statement
mission statement
使命宣言
objectives
objectives
目标
shareholders
shareholders
股东
stakeholders
stakeholders
利益相关者
direct tax
direct tax
直接税
fiscal policies
fiscal policies
财政政策
gross domestic product
gross domestic product
国内生产总值
indirect taxes
indirect taxes
间接税
inflation
inflation
通货膨胀
monetary policies
monetary policies
货币政策
money supply
money supply
货币供给
public expenditure
public expenditure
公共支出
domestic market
domestic market
国内市场
exchange controls
exchange controls
外汇管制
exchange rate
exchange rate
汇率
international markets
international markets
国际市场
international trade
international trade
国际贸易
non-tariff barriers
non-tariff barriers
非关税壁垒
quotas
quotas
配额
subsidies
subsidies
补贴
trade barriers
trade barriers
贸易壁垒
Import control
Import control
进口管制
Enterprise zones
Enterprise zones
企业区
Visible trade
Visible trade
有形贸易
Deed of partnership
Deed of partnership
合伙契约
incorporated business
incorporated business
法人企业
Limited liability
Limited liability
有限责任
Running costs
Running costs
运营成本
start-up costs
start-up costs
启动成本
capital
capital
资本
sole proprietor
sole proprietor
个体业主
unincorporated business
unincorporated business
非法人企业
unlimited liability
unlimited liability
无限责任
creditors
creditors
债权人
go public
go public
上市
private limited company
private limited company
私人有限公司
public limited company
public limited company
公众有限公司
stock market
stock market
股票市场
Assets
Assets
资产
Economic growth
Economic growth
经济增长
finance
finance
融资；财务
Gearing
Gearing
杠杆比率
loan
loan
贷款
overdraft
overdraft
透支
cooperative
cooperative
合作社
franchise
franchise
特许经营
joint venture
joint venture
合资企业
home country
home country
母国
host country
host country
东道国
multinational company
multinational company
跨国公司
consumers
consumers
消费者
customers
customers
顾客
market-oriented
market-oriented
市场导向
Market segment
Market segment
市场细分
mass market
mass market
大众市场
Niche market
Niche market
利基市场（细分市场）
product-oriented
product-oriented
产品导向
Bias
Bias
偏差；偏见
closed questions
closed questions
封闭式问题
market research
market research
市场调研
Primary research
Primary research
一手调研
secondary research
secondary research
二手调研
Marketing mix
Marketing mix
营销组合
branding
branding
品牌塑造
product differentiation
product differentiation
产品差异化
product life cycle
product life cycle
产品生命周期
Unique selling point
Unique selling point
独特卖点
channel of distribution
channel of distribution
分销渠道
Retailer
Retailer
零售商
wholesaler
wholesaler
批发商
Batch production
Batch production
批量生产
job production
job production
单件生产
Mass production
Mass production
大规模生产
capital-intensive
capital-intensive
资本密集型
Labor -intensive
Labor -intensive
劳动密集型
marginal cost
marginal cost
边际成本
Overheads
Overheads
间接费用
variable cost
variable cost
可变成本
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
基础设施
pressure group
pressure group
压力集团
Efficiency
Efficiency
效率
kaizen
kaizen
改善（精益管理）
Lean production
Lean production
精益生产
productivity
productivity
生产率
Budget
Budget
预算
cash flow forecast
cash flow forecast
现金流预测
Closing balance
Closing balance
期末余额
inflows
inflows
现金流入
Net cash flow
Net cash flow
净现金流
opening balance
opening balance
期初余额
Above-the-line /below-the-line promotion
Above-the-line /below-the-line promotion
线上促销（大众媒体广告）
Press release
Press release
新闻稿
public relations
public relations
公共关系
Sponsorship
Sponsorship
赞助
marketing budget
marketing budget
营销预算
net profit
net profit
净利润
Trading account
Trading account
营业账户
liquidity
liquidity
流动性
Ratios
Ratios
比率
working capital
working capital
营运资金
Competition
Competition
竞争
Cost-plus pricing
Cost-plus pricing
成本加成定价
Credit card
Credit card
信用卡
Customs and exercise duties
Customs and exercise duties
关税与消费税
Database
Database
数据库
Day release
Day release
脱产进修
Electronic point of sales
Electronic point of sales
电子销售点
Incentives scheme
Incentives scheme
激励计划
Loss leader
Loss leader
亏本促销品
Nationalized industries
Nationalized industries
国有化产业
Production line
Production line
生产线
Value-added tax
Value-added tax
增值税
Outflow
Outflow
现金流出
variance
variance
差异（预算偏差）
Appropriation account
Appropriation account
利润分配账户
balance sheet
balance sheet
资产负债表
Current assets
Current assets
流动资产
depreciation
depreciation
折旧
Gross profit
Gross profit
毛利润
Annual general meeting
Annual general meeting
年度股东大会
Annual report
Annual report
年度报告
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy
破产
Boycott
Boycott
抵制
Centralization
Centralization
集权化
Discount
Discount
折扣
Downsizing
Downsizing
裁员缩减
Factors of production
Factors of production
生产要素
Profit
Profit
利润
Logo
Logo
标志
Interest rate
Interest rate
利率
Psychobiological pricing
Psychobiological pricing
心理定价
Public sector
Public sector
公共部门
Retail price index
Retail price index
零售物价指数
Financial incentives
Financial incentives
经济激励
fringe benefits
fringe benefits
附加福利
Motivation
Motivation
激励（动机）
non-financial incentives
non-financial incentives
非经济激励
Autocratic
Autocratic
独裁式
democratic
democratic
民主式
laissez-faire
laissez-faire
放任式
Dismissal
Dismissal
解雇
introduction training
introduction training
入职培训
Job description
Job description
职位描述
person specifications
person specifications
任职资格
Redundancy
Redundancy
裁员（冗余）
resignation
resignation
辞职
Retirement
Retirement
退休
Communication
Communication
沟通
Consumer panels
Consumer panels
消费者小组
Consumer protection
Consumer protection
消费者保护
Strike
Strike
罢工
Test market
Test market
测试市场
Trade union
Trade union
工会
Personnel department
Personnel department
人事部门
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship
学徒制
Chain of command
Chain of command
指挥链
Commission
Commission
佣金
Decentralization
Decentralization
分权化
Gross pay
Gross pay
工资总额
Net pay
Net pay
实发工资
Partnership
Partnership
合伙企业
Payment system
Payment system
薪酬体系
Performance related pay
Performance related pay
绩效工资
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